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Novus Biologicals human tmprss2 elisa kit

Inflammation upregulates SGLT1, ACE2 and <t>TMPRSS2</t> in Caco-2/TC7 cells. ( A ) Graphical illustration of the experimental protocol for the standard and inflamed Caco-2/TC7 cell models. Cells were differentiated in 25 mM glucose until day 7, then in 5.5 mM glucose until day 14. Cells were differentiated for 14 days from confluence and treated with dexamethasone (DEX) or 0.1% (v/v) DMSO (vehicle control) up to twice daily for 60 h, 24 h, or 4 h. For the inflamed model, a cytokine cocktail containing IL-1β (25 ng/mL) and TNF-α (50 ng/mL) was added to the basolateral (BL) once daily for 72 h. Finally, cell culture media from both apical (AP) and BL compartments were collected from the inflamed cells for IL-8 quantification. mRNA and protein were extracted from cells in both the standard and inflamed models and analysed through ddPCR and ELISA, respectively. A comparison of ( B ) IL-8 secretion and ( C ) SGLT1, ( D ) GLUT2, ( E ) ACE2 and ( F ) TMPRSS2 mRNA expression between standard (grey) and inflamed (blue) Caco-2/TC7 cells is shown. Total RNA was extracted and reverse transcribed, and absolute copies of SGLT1, GLUT2, ACE2 or TMPRSS2 cDNA measured by ddPCR are expressed relative to the housekeeping gene TBP. For IL-8 detection, cell culture media were processed, and IL-8 measured using ELISA and corrected for total protein measured by Bradford assay. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6 technical replicates from N = 3 biological replicates). Differences between cells in the standard and inflamed environments in B-F were determined by unpaired t -test with Welch’s correction; ns—not significant, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. A —created with BioRender.com ( https://BioRender.com/r16s632 ); B-F —created with GraphPad Prism version 9.0.1.

Human Tmprss2 Elisa Kit, supplied by Novus Biologicals, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 3 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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human tmprss2 elisa kit - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08

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1) Product Images from "Dexamethasone enhances intestinal glucose absorption and TMPRSS2 expression with implications for hyperglycaemia and infection risk"

Article Title: Dexamethasone enhances intestinal glucose absorption and TMPRSS2 expression with implications for hyperglycaemia and infection risk

Journal: Scientific Reports

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-22312-8

Inflammation upregulates SGLT1, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in Caco-2/TC7 cells. ( A ) Graphical illustration of the experimental protocol for the standard and inflamed Caco-2/TC7 cell models. Cells were differentiated in 25 mM glucose until day 7, then in 5.5 mM glucose until day 14. Cells were differentiated for 14 days from confluence and treated with dexamethasone (DEX) or 0.1% (v/v) DMSO (vehicle control) up to twice daily for 60 h, 24 h, or 4 h. For the inflamed model, a cytokine cocktail containing IL-1β (25 ng/mL) and TNF-α (50 ng/mL) was added to the basolateral (BL) once daily for 72 h. Finally, cell culture media from both apical (AP) and BL compartments were collected from the inflamed cells for IL-8 quantification. mRNA and protein were extracted from cells in both the standard and inflamed models and analysed through ddPCR and ELISA, respectively. A comparison of ( B ) IL-8 secretion and ( C ) SGLT1, ( D ) GLUT2, ( E ) ACE2 and ( F ) TMPRSS2 mRNA expression between standard (grey) and inflamed (blue) Caco-2/TC7 cells is shown. Total RNA was extracted and reverse transcribed, and absolute copies of SGLT1, GLUT2, ACE2 or TMPRSS2 cDNA measured by ddPCR are expressed relative to the housekeeping gene TBP. For IL-8 detection, cell culture media were processed, and IL-8 measured using ELISA and corrected for total protein measured by Bradford assay. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6 technical replicates from N = 3 biological replicates). Differences between cells in the standard and inflamed environments in B-F were determined by unpaired t -test with Welch’s correction; ns—not significant, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. A —created with BioRender.com ( https://BioRender.com/r16s632 ); B-F —created with GraphPad Prism version 9.0.1.

Figure Legend Snippet: Inflammation upregulates SGLT1, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in Caco-2/TC7 cells. ( A ) Graphical illustration of the experimental protocol for the standard and inflamed Caco-2/TC7 cell models. Cells were differentiated in 25 mM glucose until day 7, then in 5.5 mM glucose until day 14. Cells were differentiated for 14 days from confluence and treated with dexamethasone (DEX) or 0.1% (v/v) DMSO (vehicle control) up to twice daily for 60 h, 24 h, or 4 h. For the inflamed model, a cytokine cocktail containing IL-1β (25 ng/mL) and TNF-α (50 ng/mL) was added to the basolateral (BL) once daily for 72 h. Finally, cell culture media from both apical (AP) and BL compartments were collected from the inflamed cells for IL-8 quantification. mRNA and protein were extracted from cells in both the standard and inflamed models and analysed through ddPCR and ELISA, respectively. A comparison of ( B ) IL-8 secretion and ( C ) SGLT1, ( D ) GLUT2, ( E ) ACE2 and ( F ) TMPRSS2 mRNA expression between standard (grey) and inflamed (blue) Caco-2/TC7 cells is shown. Total RNA was extracted and reverse transcribed, and absolute copies of SGLT1, GLUT2, ACE2 or TMPRSS2 cDNA measured by ddPCR are expressed relative to the housekeeping gene TBP. For IL-8 detection, cell culture media were processed, and IL-8 measured using ELISA and corrected for total protein measured by Bradford assay. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6 technical replicates from N = 3 biological replicates). Differences between cells in the standard and inflamed environments in B-F were determined by unpaired t -test with Welch’s correction; ns—not significant, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. A —created with BioRender.com ( https://BioRender.com/r16s632 ); B-F —created with GraphPad Prism version 9.0.1.

Techniques Used: Control, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Comparison, Expressing, Reverse Transcription, Bradford Assay

Gene expression changes in dexamethasone-treated and untreated normal and inflamed enterocytes from wild-type C57BL/6 J mice. ( A ) A summary of the GSE113691 study and the samples considered for analysis. Raw counts obtained from the NCBI GEO database ( GSE113691 ) were filtered (< 1 count per million in at least 3 samples) and were normalised using the trimmed mean of m-values (TMM). Differences in ( B ) SGLT1, ( C ) TMPRSS2, ( D ) GLUT2, ( E ) ACE2 gene expression in enterocytes from normal mice (NM) and inflamed mice (IF) between dexamethasone-treated (NM-D, IF-D) and untreated mice (NM-C, IF-C). Volcano plot showing ( F ) 910 differentially expressed genes between NM-D and NM-C and ( I ) 386 differentially expressed genes between IF-D and IF-C. Venn diagrams depicting upregulated and downregulated genes in ( G ) NM-D and ( J ) IF-D treatment groups compared to controls NM-C and IF-C, respectively. Red indicates upregulation and blue indicates downregulation (log 2 FC ≥ 1, FDR ≤ 0.05), overlapping indicates the unchanged number of genes. ( H ) Log 2 FC of SGLT1, TMPRSS2, GLUT2, and ACE2 between NM-D vs. NM-C and IF-D vs. IF-C (*indicates significantly differentially expressed genes (log 2 FC ≥ 1, FDR ≤ 0.05)). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis on the mouse Hallmark signature collection, showing positively and negatively enriched gene sets in ( K ) NM-D vs. NM-C and ( L ) IF-D vs. IF-C. Orange bars indicate gene sets enriched in both groups. ( M ) Pearson correlation matrix showing associations between SGLT1, TMPRSS2, GLUT2, and ACE2 mRNA expression in mouse intestinal epithelial cells. Blue represents positive correlation, red represents negative correlation. ( B-E ) Data are presented as mean ± SD (N = 3). ( B-E ) Significant differences were determined using one-way ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD multiple comparisons test. ns—not significant, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. DEX—dexamethasone, NM-C—normal mouse control, NM-D—normal mouse treated with dexamethasone, IF-C—inflamed mouse control, IF-D—inflamed mouse treated with dexamethasone, NES—normalised enrichment score.

Figure Legend Snippet: Gene expression changes in dexamethasone-treated and untreated normal and inflamed enterocytes from wild-type C57BL/6 J mice. ( A ) A summary of the GSE113691 study and the samples considered for analysis. Raw counts obtained from the NCBI GEO database ( GSE113691 ) were filtered (< 1 count per million in at least 3 samples) and were normalised using the trimmed mean of m-values (TMM). Differences in ( B ) SGLT1, ( C ) TMPRSS2, ( D ) GLUT2, ( E ) ACE2 gene expression in enterocytes from normal mice (NM) and inflamed mice (IF) between dexamethasone-treated (NM-D, IF-D) and untreated mice (NM-C, IF-C). Volcano plot showing ( F ) 910 differentially expressed genes between NM-D and NM-C and ( I ) 386 differentially expressed genes between IF-D and IF-C. Venn diagrams depicting upregulated and downregulated genes in ( G ) NM-D and ( J ) IF-D treatment groups compared to controls NM-C and IF-C, respectively. Red indicates upregulation and blue indicates downregulation (log 2 FC ≥ 1, FDR ≤ 0.05), overlapping indicates the unchanged number of genes. ( H ) Log 2 FC of SGLT1, TMPRSS2, GLUT2, and ACE2 between NM-D vs. NM-C and IF-D vs. IF-C (*indicates significantly differentially expressed genes (log 2 FC ≥ 1, FDR ≤ 0.05)). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis on the mouse Hallmark signature collection, showing positively and negatively enriched gene sets in ( K ) NM-D vs. NM-C and ( L ) IF-D vs. IF-C. Orange bars indicate gene sets enriched in both groups. ( M ) Pearson correlation matrix showing associations between SGLT1, TMPRSS2, GLUT2, and ACE2 mRNA expression in mouse intestinal epithelial cells. Blue represents positive correlation, red represents negative correlation. ( B-E ) Data are presented as mean ± SD (N = 3). ( B-E ) Significant differences were determined using one-way ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD multiple comparisons test. ns—not significant, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. DEX—dexamethasone, NM-C—normal mouse control, NM-D—normal mouse treated with dexamethasone, IF-C—inflamed mouse control, IF-D—inflamed mouse treated with dexamethasone, NES—normalised enrichment score.

Techniques Used: Gene Expression, Expressing, Control

Dexamethasone upregulates TMPRSS2 mRNA expression in Caco-2/TC7 cells. The acute and chronic effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on TMPRSS2 mRNA expression was assessed in 14-day differentiated Caco-2/TC7 cells, under either standard conditions (Panel 1) or an inflamed state induced by daily exposure to IL-1β and TNF-α during the final 72 h (Panel 2). Cells were treated with DEX (5, 10, 20 µM) or 0.1% (v/v) DMSO vehicle control for different time durations: ( A, D ) 4 h, ( B, E ) 24 h and ( C, F ) 60 h. A comparison of the effect of DEX between standard (grey) and inflamed (blue) conditions is shown in Panel 3 ( G —4 h, H —24 h, I —60 h). Total RNA was extracted and reverse transcribed, and absolute copies of TMPRSS2 cDNA measured by ddPCR are expressed relative to the housekeeping gene TBP. Values represent mean fold change compared to DMSO vehicle control (Panel 1) or cytokine-treated DMSO vehicle control (Panel 2). Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6 technical replicates from N = 3 biological replicates). Differences were determined as follows: A, D, G —unpaired t -test with Welch’s correction; B-C, E–F —one-way ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD multiple comparisons test; H, I —two-way ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD multiple comparisons test. ns—not significant, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. Graphs created with GraphPad Prism version 9.0.1.

Figure Legend Snippet: Dexamethasone upregulates TMPRSS2 mRNA expression in Caco-2/TC7 cells. The acute and chronic effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on TMPRSS2 mRNA expression was assessed in 14-day differentiated Caco-2/TC7 cells, under either standard conditions (Panel 1) or an inflamed state induced by daily exposure to IL-1β and TNF-α during the final 72 h (Panel 2). Cells were treated with DEX (5, 10, 20 µM) or 0.1% (v/v) DMSO vehicle control for different time durations: ( A, D ) 4 h, ( B, E ) 24 h and ( C, F ) 60 h. A comparison of the effect of DEX between standard (grey) and inflamed (blue) conditions is shown in Panel 3 ( G —4 h, H —24 h, I —60 h). Total RNA was extracted and reverse transcribed, and absolute copies of TMPRSS2 cDNA measured by ddPCR are expressed relative to the housekeeping gene TBP. Values represent mean fold change compared to DMSO vehicle control (Panel 1) or cytokine-treated DMSO vehicle control (Panel 2). Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6 technical replicates from N = 3 biological replicates). Differences were determined as follows: A, D, G —unpaired t -test with Welch’s correction; B-C, E–F —one-way ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD multiple comparisons test; H, I —two-way ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD multiple comparisons test. ns—not significant, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. Graphs created with GraphPad Prism version 9.0.1.

Techniques Used: Expressing, Control, Comparison, Reverse Transcription

Pearson correlation analysis. ( A ) Pearson correlation matrix showing the association between variables. Blue represents a positive correlation, and red represents a negative correlation. ( B ) Table showing the statistical significance of the relationship between variables examined by Pearson correlation analysis. ACE2, TMPRSS2, SGLT1 and GLUT2 are mRNA expression levels; IL-8 is a secreted protein. The correlation matrix was created with GraphPad Prism version 9.0.1. ns—not significant; *** P < 0.001.

Figure Legend Snippet: Pearson correlation analysis. ( A ) Pearson correlation matrix showing the association between variables. Blue represents a positive correlation, and red represents a negative correlation. ( B ) Table showing the statistical significance of the relationship between variables examined by Pearson correlation analysis. ACE2, TMPRSS2, SGLT1 and GLUT2 are mRNA expression levels; IL-8 is a secreted protein. The correlation matrix was created with GraphPad Prism version 9.0.1. ns—not significant; *** P < 0.001.

Techniques Used: Expressing

Image Search Results

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Dexamethasone enhances intestinal glucose absorption and TMPRSS2 expression with implications for hyperglycaemia and infection risk

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-22312-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inflammation upregulates SGLT1, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in Caco-2/TC7 cells. ( A ) Graphical illustration of the experimental protocol for the standard and inflamed Caco-2/TC7 cell models. Cells were differentiated in 25 mM glucose until day 7, then in 5.5 mM glucose until day 14. Cells were differentiated for 14 days from confluence and treated with dexamethasone (DEX) or 0.1% (v/v) DMSO (vehicle control) up to twice daily for 60 h, 24 h, or 4 h. For the inflamed model, a cytokine cocktail containing IL-1β (25 ng/mL) and TNF-α (50 ng/mL) was added to the basolateral (BL) once daily for 72 h. Finally, cell culture media from both apical (AP) and BL compartments were collected from the inflamed cells for IL-8 quantification. mRNA and protein were extracted from cells in both the standard and inflamed models and analysed through ddPCR and ELISA, respectively. A comparison of ( B ) IL-8 secretion and ( C ) SGLT1, ( D ) GLUT2, ( E ) ACE2 and ( F ) TMPRSS2 mRNA expression between standard (grey) and inflamed (blue) Caco-2/TC7 cells is shown. Total RNA was extracted and reverse transcribed, and absolute copies of SGLT1, GLUT2, ACE2 or TMPRSS2 cDNA measured by ddPCR are expressed relative to the housekeeping gene TBP. For IL-8 detection, cell culture media were processed, and IL-8 measured using ELISA and corrected for total protein measured by Bradford assay. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6 technical replicates from N = 3 biological replicates). Differences between cells in the standard and inflamed environments in B-F were determined by unpaired t -test with Welch’s correction; ns—not significant, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. A —created with BioRender.com ( https://BioRender.com/r16s632 ); B-F —created with GraphPad Prism version 9.0.1.

Article Snippet: The human TMPRSS2 ELISA kit (NBP2-89171, manufactured by Novus Biologicals) was supplied by In Vitro Technologies (Noble Park North, VIC, Australia).

Techniques: Control, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Comparison, Expressing, Reverse Transcription, Bradford Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Dexamethasone enhances intestinal glucose absorption and TMPRSS2 expression with implications for hyperglycaemia and infection risk

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-22312-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gene expression changes in dexamethasone-treated and untreated normal and inflamed enterocytes from wild-type C57BL/6 J mice. ( A ) A summary of the GSE113691 study and the samples considered for analysis. Raw counts obtained from the NCBI GEO database ( GSE113691 ) were filtered (< 1 count per million in at least 3 samples) and were normalised using the trimmed mean of m-values (TMM). Differences in ( B ) SGLT1, ( C ) TMPRSS2, ( D ) GLUT2, ( E ) ACE2 gene expression in enterocytes from normal mice (NM) and inflamed mice (IF) between dexamethasone-treated (NM-D, IF-D) and untreated mice (NM-C, IF-C). Volcano plot showing ( F ) 910 differentially expressed genes between NM-D and NM-C and ( I ) 386 differentially expressed genes between IF-D and IF-C. Venn diagrams depicting upregulated and downregulated genes in ( G ) NM-D and ( J ) IF-D treatment groups compared to controls NM-C and IF-C, respectively. Red indicates upregulation and blue indicates downregulation (log 2 FC ≥ 1, FDR ≤ 0.05), overlapping indicates the unchanged number of genes. ( H ) Log 2 FC of SGLT1, TMPRSS2, GLUT2, and ACE2 between NM-D vs. NM-C and IF-D vs. IF-C (*indicates significantly differentially expressed genes (log 2 FC ≥ 1, FDR ≤ 0.05)). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis on the mouse Hallmark signature collection, showing positively and negatively enriched gene sets in ( K ) NM-D vs. NM-C and ( L ) IF-D vs. IF-C. Orange bars indicate gene sets enriched in both groups. ( M ) Pearson correlation matrix showing associations between SGLT1, TMPRSS2, GLUT2, and ACE2 mRNA expression in mouse intestinal epithelial cells. Blue represents positive correlation, red represents negative correlation. ( B-E ) Data are presented as mean ± SD (N = 3). ( B-E ) Significant differences were determined using one-way ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD multiple comparisons test. ns—not significant, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. DEX—dexamethasone, NM-C—normal mouse control, NM-D—normal mouse treated with dexamethasone, IF-C—inflamed mouse control, IF-D—inflamed mouse treated with dexamethasone, NES—normalised enrichment score.

Article Snippet: The human TMPRSS2 ELISA kit (NBP2-89171, manufactured by Novus Biologicals) was supplied by In Vitro Technologies (Noble Park North, VIC, Australia).

Techniques: Gene Expression, Expressing, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Dexamethasone enhances intestinal glucose absorption and TMPRSS2 expression with implications for hyperglycaemia and infection risk

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-22312-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Dexamethasone upregulates TMPRSS2 mRNA expression in Caco-2/TC7 cells. The acute and chronic effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on TMPRSS2 mRNA expression was assessed in 14-day differentiated Caco-2/TC7 cells, under either standard conditions (Panel 1) or an inflamed state induced by daily exposure to IL-1β and TNF-α during the final 72 h (Panel 2). Cells were treated with DEX (5, 10, 20 µM) or 0.1% (v/v) DMSO vehicle control for different time durations: ( A, D ) 4 h, ( B, E ) 24 h and ( C, F ) 60 h. A comparison of the effect of DEX between standard (grey) and inflamed (blue) conditions is shown in Panel 3 ( G —4 h, H —24 h, I —60 h). Total RNA was extracted and reverse transcribed, and absolute copies of TMPRSS2 cDNA measured by ddPCR are expressed relative to the housekeeping gene TBP. Values represent mean fold change compared to DMSO vehicle control (Panel 1) or cytokine-treated DMSO vehicle control (Panel 2). Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6 technical replicates from N = 3 biological replicates). Differences were determined as follows: A, D, G —unpaired t -test with Welch’s correction; B-C, E–F —one-way ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD multiple comparisons test; H, I —two-way ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD multiple comparisons test. ns—not significant, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. Graphs created with GraphPad Prism version 9.0.1.

Article Snippet: The human TMPRSS2 ELISA kit (NBP2-89171, manufactured by Novus Biologicals) was supplied by In Vitro Technologies (Noble Park North, VIC, Australia).

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Comparison, Reverse Transcription

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Dexamethasone enhances intestinal glucose absorption and TMPRSS2 expression with implications for hyperglycaemia and infection risk

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-22312-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pearson correlation analysis. ( A ) Pearson correlation matrix showing the association between variables. Blue represents a positive correlation, and red represents a negative correlation. ( B ) Table showing the statistical significance of the relationship between variables examined by Pearson correlation analysis. ACE2, TMPRSS2, SGLT1 and GLUT2 are mRNA expression levels; IL-8 is a secreted protein. The correlation matrix was created with GraphPad Prism version 9.0.1. ns—not significant; *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The human TMPRSS2 ELISA kit (NBP2-89171, manufactured by Novus Biologicals) was supplied by In Vitro Technologies (Noble Park North, VIC, Australia).

Techniques: Expressing

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) expression in human cell lines and effects of culture time and format, and response to estradiol or apelin‐13.

Journal: Biofactors (Oxford, England)

Article Title: The flavonoid quercetin decreases ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression but not SARS‐CoV ‐2 infection in cultured human lung cells

doi: 10.1002/biof.2084

Figure Lengend Snippet: Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) expression in human cell lines and effects of culture time and format, and response to estradiol or apelin‐13.

Article Snippet: TMPRSS2 protein expression was quantified by the human TMPRSS2 ELISA kit (NBP2‐89171, Novus Biologicals, supplied by In Vitro Technologies).

Techniques: Expressing, Control

Quercetin acutely decreases angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) in Calu‐3‐air–liquid interface (ALI) cells. Calu‐3 cells were cultured on polycarbonate membrane inserts at an ALI for 10 days after reaching confluence and treated apically with quercetin or 0.1% (v/v) DMSO vehicle control in serum‐free medium for 4 or 8 h. For gene expression (A–D), total RNA was isolated and cDNA was synthesized, partitioned, amplified, and analyzed by ddPCR using gene expression assays. Gene expression was quantified as copies per ng mRNA, assuming a 1:1 RT efficiency, and ACE2 (A), TMPRSS2 (B), ACE (C), and ADAM17 (D) target genes are expressed relative to the TBP reference gene. For protein expression (E, F), ACE2 (E) and TMPRSS2 (F) were quantified by ELISA and expressed relative to total protein in the cell lysate. Data were collected independently for each gene/protein from cells treated on duplicate plates across three biological passages. Data are presented as mean ± SD with individual data points representing each cell experiment ( n / N = 6/3). Significant differences were determined by one‐way (A–C) or two‐way (E, F) ANOVA with post‐hoc Tukey's multiple comparisons or by Friedman test with post‐hoc Dunn's multiple comparisons where residuals did not follow a normal distribution (D). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. 0 μM quercetin; ### p < 0.001 vs. 10 μM quercetin.

Journal: Biofactors (Oxford, England)

Article Title: The flavonoid quercetin decreases ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression but not SARS‐CoV ‐2 infection in cultured human lung cells

doi: 10.1002/biof.2084

Figure Lengend Snippet: Quercetin acutely decreases angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) in Calu‐3‐air–liquid interface (ALI) cells. Calu‐3 cells were cultured on polycarbonate membrane inserts at an ALI for 10 days after reaching confluence and treated apically with quercetin or 0.1% (v/v) DMSO vehicle control in serum‐free medium for 4 or 8 h. For gene expression (A–D), total RNA was isolated and cDNA was synthesized, partitioned, amplified, and analyzed by ddPCR using gene expression assays. Gene expression was quantified as copies per ng mRNA, assuming a 1:1 RT efficiency, and ACE2 (A), TMPRSS2 (B), ACE (C), and ADAM17 (D) target genes are expressed relative to the TBP reference gene. For protein expression (E, F), ACE2 (E) and TMPRSS2 (F) were quantified by ELISA and expressed relative to total protein in the cell lysate. Data were collected independently for each gene/protein from cells treated on duplicate plates across three biological passages. Data are presented as mean ± SD with individual data points representing each cell experiment ( n / N = 6/3). Significant differences were determined by one‐way (A–C) or two‐way (E, F) ANOVA with post‐hoc Tukey's multiple comparisons or by Friedman test with post‐hoc Dunn's multiple comparisons where residuals did not follow a normal distribution (D). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. 0 μM quercetin; ### p < 0.001 vs. 10 μM quercetin.

Article Snippet: TMPRSS2 protein expression was quantified by the human TMPRSS2 ELISA kit (NBP2‐89171, Novus Biologicals, supplied by In Vitro Technologies).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Membrane, Control, Gene Expression, Isolation, Synthesized, Amplification, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Long‐term quercetin treatment decreases transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2), but not angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), in Calu‐3‐air–liquid interface (ALI) cells. Calu‐3 cells were cultured on polycarbonate membrane inserts at an ALI for 10 days after reaching confluence. For the final 3 days, cells were treated apically with quercetin or 0.1% (v/v) DMSO vehicle control in serum‐free medium for 1 h twice per day. Cells were harvested for RNA or protein 4 h after the final application of quercetin. For gene expression (A, B), total RNA was isolated and cDNA was synthesized, partitioned, amplified, and analyzed by ddPCR using gene expression assays. Gene expression was quantified as copies per ng mRNA, assuming a 1:1 RT efficiency, and ACE2 (A) and TMPRSS2 (B) target genes are expressed relative to the TBP reference gene. For protein expression (C, D), ACE2 (C) and TMPRSS2 (D) were quantified by ELISA and expressed relative to total protein in the cell lysate. Data were collected independently for each gene/protein from cells treated on duplicate (A, B) or triplicate (C, D) plates across three biological passages. Data are presented as mean ± SD with individual data points representing each cell experiment ( n / N = 6/3 for gene expression, n / N = 9/3 for protein expression). Significant differences were determined by one‐way ANOVA with post‐hoc Tukey's multiple comparisons. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. 0 μM quercetin.

Journal: Biofactors (Oxford, England)

Article Title: The flavonoid quercetin decreases ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression but not SARS‐CoV ‐2 infection in cultured human lung cells

doi: 10.1002/biof.2084

Figure Lengend Snippet: Long‐term quercetin treatment decreases transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2), but not angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), in Calu‐3‐air–liquid interface (ALI) cells. Calu‐3 cells were cultured on polycarbonate membrane inserts at an ALI for 10 days after reaching confluence. For the final 3 days, cells were treated apically with quercetin or 0.1% (v/v) DMSO vehicle control in serum‐free medium for 1 h twice per day. Cells were harvested for RNA or protein 4 h after the final application of quercetin. For gene expression (A, B), total RNA was isolated and cDNA was synthesized, partitioned, amplified, and analyzed by ddPCR using gene expression assays. Gene expression was quantified as copies per ng mRNA, assuming a 1:1 RT efficiency, and ACE2 (A) and TMPRSS2 (B) target genes are expressed relative to the TBP reference gene. For protein expression (C, D), ACE2 (C) and TMPRSS2 (D) were quantified by ELISA and expressed relative to total protein in the cell lysate. Data were collected independently for each gene/protein from cells treated on duplicate (A, B) or triplicate (C, D) plates across three biological passages. Data are presented as mean ± SD with individual data points representing each cell experiment ( n / N = 6/3 for gene expression, n / N = 9/3 for protein expression). Significant differences were determined by one‐way ANOVA with post‐hoc Tukey's multiple comparisons. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. 0 μM quercetin.

Article Snippet: TMPRSS2 protein expression was quantified by the human TMPRSS2 ELISA kit (NBP2‐89171, Novus Biologicals, supplied by In Vitro Technologies).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Membrane, Control, Gene Expression, Isolation, Synthesized, Amplification, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Quercetin decreases angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) in human primary bronchial epithelium cells (PBECs). Human PBECs were isolated and cultured until 80% confluence was reached. Cells were treated with quercetin or 0.1% (v/v) DMSO vehicle control in serum‐free medium for up to 6 h. Total RNA was isolated and cDNA was synthesized, partitioned, amplified, and analyzed by ddPCR using gene expression assays specific to ACE2 (A) or TMPRSS2 (B) and quantified as copies per ng mRNA, assuming a 1:1 RT efficiency. Data were collected independently for each gene from cells originating from four donors, each cultured and treated in triplicate. Data are presented as mean ± SD with individual data points representing each culture ( n / N = 12/4). Significant differences were determined by two‐way ANOVA with post‐hoc Tukey's multiple comparisons. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. 0 μM quercetin; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 vs. 5 μM quercetin.

Journal: Biofactors (Oxford, England)

Article Title: The flavonoid quercetin decreases ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression but not SARS‐CoV ‐2 infection in cultured human lung cells

doi: 10.1002/biof.2084

Figure Lengend Snippet: Quercetin decreases angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) in human primary bronchial epithelium cells (PBECs). Human PBECs were isolated and cultured until 80% confluence was reached. Cells were treated with quercetin or 0.1% (v/v) DMSO vehicle control in serum‐free medium for up to 6 h. Total RNA was isolated and cDNA was synthesized, partitioned, amplified, and analyzed by ddPCR using gene expression assays specific to ACE2 (A) or TMPRSS2 (B) and quantified as copies per ng mRNA, assuming a 1:1 RT efficiency. Data were collected independently for each gene from cells originating from four donors, each cultured and treated in triplicate. Data are presented as mean ± SD with individual data points representing each culture ( n / N = 12/4). Significant differences were determined by two‐way ANOVA with post‐hoc Tukey's multiple comparisons. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. 0 μM quercetin; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 vs. 5 μM quercetin.

Article Snippet: TMPRSS2 protein expression was quantified by the human TMPRSS2 ELISA kit (NBP2‐89171, Novus Biologicals, supplied by In Vitro Technologies).

Techniques: Isolation, Cell Culture, Control, Synthesized, Amplification, Gene Expression

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